ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE DEVELOPMENT OF SURDO TECHNOLOGY

Attempts of invention of devices that help communicate with the deaf have the same long history as teaching of deaf itself.

Educational specialistin deaf-and-dumb pedagogyin close cooperation with engineers from the beginning of the 50s.have begun to develop instruments and devices aimed at filling the lack of information about sounding speech at the expense of others, more well preserved examples of senses. Since the first generation of hardware used in the formation and correct pronunciation of the deaf and hard of hearing, an attempt was made to add feedback structure due to the connection of visual perception and tactile-vibratory sensations. The analysis of Kazakh and foreign literature allowed to reconstruct the system requirements for appliances and devices required for the targeted formation and correction of pronunciation of people with hearing disorder:

• Visualizing the structure of the main components of the acoustic speech.

• Have a clear display of the main components of the acoustic structure of the speech on the device screenin the form of informative images.

• Saving visual display on the screen at the end of playing time any time.

• Reliable feedback (interactive communication in real-time).

• Keeping in long-term memory any item of any sound elements of speech and having an opportunity to display them on the screen for analysis if necessary. The completeness of satisfaction requirements was regulated by the state of technology and its resolution at definite time period.

A comparative analysis of developed in Kazakhstan, Russia, the United States and Europe instruments and devices for electro-platform allows to reveal the similarity of their design, feature set, and graphic images used for the visualization of sound.

In the 40-s. a group of researchers working in the telephone company's laboratories of A.Bell, began the development of a system capable of transforming sounding speech into optical signals. From that moment the creation of technical and accessorymeans of new generation, called "Visible Speech" began.Thanks to the use of these systems using spectrum analyzer, which allows to determine the frequency range of speech sounds and graphically represent the characteristics corresponding to the correct and defective reproduction, "These devices could be used in teaching deaf and people with speech defects" [1].

A qualitative leap in the development of means of pronunciation aspects of speech formation and correctiontook place in the late 70's - early 80's. by using microprocessors. With their help, It was possible to significantly expand the opportunities of the developing systems. To simplify the comparison of supporting toolsof formation and correction of pronunciation, based on the use of cathode-ray tubes and microprocessors youmay refer to the table below.

Table 1

The possibilities of accessory means the formation and correction of pronunciation speech based on the use of the cathode-ray tube and microprocessor

Analysis of the literature shows that by obtaining a new hardware platform in the late 70's. all the experts tried to use a fundamentally new opportunities provided by a microprocessor, but in their designs, they went their separate ways. Most of the specialists engaged in the improvement of the previously established system display language, andonly a few have set the task of developing a fundamentally different systemsounding speech reflected on the computer screen.

In an effort to improve and upgrade the equipment, most developers have successfully solved the problem of saving any sound in long-term memory of the computer, while providing its stable display if necessary. For example, in 1990 in Netherlands (The Institute for Perception Research / IPO, Eindhoven) was created Visual Display - intonografof new generation. The system reflected the frequency characteristics of the voice, the general contour of intonation and duration of expression. The system used a new feature - the display of a text on the computer screen, allowing the visualization of a sound to be complement by the text. From 1987 to 1989 at the Department of Phonetics and Linguistics, University of London (Department of Phonetics and Linguistics University College London) British experts A.Foursin, E.Abberton, V.Ball have developed a computer program for training . A genuine breakthrough in the development of accessory means formation and correction of pronunciation aspects of speech was carried by researchers of IBM. They created a Speech Viever I, II, III - «Visible Speech" [2].

The authors of "Visible Speech" found a new solution for visualization of the main components of the acoustic structure of speech by creating informative, easy to "read through" symbols and introducing elements of animation.

Authors of Speech Viever («Visible Speech") for the first time were able to visualize the most comprehensive list of the basic components of sounding speech: speech breathing, phonation, voice-leading design and phonemic speech. Visualized by the presence and absence of voice, phonation duration, intensity, and his voice frequency range. Thus each speech character can be represented as independent and in combination. The visualization of the syllabic structure of the word was provided. With the help of "visible speech" on the computer screen for the first time provided the most complete support of the process of formation and correction of prosodic features of speech: a child's understanding of the available images on the screen is rendered a hidden process as voice modulation, the allocation of verbal and logical stress. "Visible Speech" for the first time provided the opportunity to work at the level of phrases and even a short story, so that it became possible to subject analysis articulatory aspects of speech, receipt of additional support for awareness of the achievements and shortcomings in pronunciation.

Thanks to the further development of the SpeechViewerby western experts, its functionality has been significantly expanded, the system met all the requirements for accessoryteaching tools based on the visualization of acoustic components of speech, which has led to its use by educational specialistin deaf-and-dumb pedagogy speech therapists in more than 30 countries.

Access to the use of microprocessors and information technology in the early 90's allowed to create the first Russian accessory means ofthe formation of articulatory aspects of speech - "Surdo - logopaedictrainer" Delfa-130 ", but in terms of functionality it was not highly competitive with developed in 1989 by IBM computer program speech Viewer 1.0 («visible Speech", version 1) [3]. Mastering the "Visible Speech" in Russia started educational specialistin deaf-and-dumb pedagogy (O.I.Kukushkina, T.K.Korolevskaya). In 1991 they Russified first version of the program. It should be noted that in some regions of Russia, speech therapists practice are actively using different versions of "Visible Speech", guided by the methodological guidelines developed for lessons with deaf people.

Therefore, specialized software, designed for correctional education of hearing impaired people, first of all take into consideration patterns and characteristics of their development and are based on modern techniques to overcome and prevent deviations in development. The variety of defects, their clinical and psycho-pedagogical manifestation involves the use of different methods of correction and, therefore, the use of various computer technologies.

References:

1. Defectology dictionary / Ch. Ed. A.I.Dyachkov. - 2nd ed., Ext. - M., Pedagogy, 1970.-504c.

2. Speech Viever III tutorial Barbara Allen, M.S. CCC-SP, 1997

3. Kukushkin OI Conceptual foundations of information technology in the education of children with developmental disabilities. Scientific report (electronic version). - M., ICP RAO, 1999